India's Fastest Super Computer -- SAGA-220

                 India’s
Fastest Super Computer is SAGA-220
now. Yes, SAGA-220 - Supercomputer
for Aerospace with GPU Architecture-220
TeraFLOPS.   Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) has unveiled India’s supercomputer SAGA220 built by the
Satish Dhawan Supercomputing Facility located at the labs of Vikram Sarabhai
Space Center(VSCC), Thiruvananthapuram at a cost of about Rs 14 crore was
inaugurated by K Radhakrishnan, Chairman ISRO at VSSC a week back. It is capable of a
theoretical peak performance of 220 TeraFLOPS (trillion
floating point operations per second).

                 The new Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) based supercomputer,
"SAGA-220"  is being used by
space scientists for solving complex aerospace problems.  The present GPU system offers significant
advantage over the conventional CPU based system in terms of cost, power and
space requirements.  World’s fastest computer, Tianhe-1A
has a peak performance of 2566 TeraFLOPS which is followed by Jaguar-Cray with 1759 TeraFLOPS.  Now, SAGA displaces India’s
existing supercomputer by Tata Sons called EKA which has a peak performance of
172.61 TeraFLOPS.  These are the only two
super computers of India
which will be featured in the top 100 list of supercomputers.
Despite SAGA-220
has 220 TeraFLOPS speed, it would not even figure in the top 10 list of
world’s supercomputers. It would be placed at 28th
position.  If SAGA touches the 1000
TeraFLOPS peak performance it would immediately be positioned at 11th rank.

Features of SAGA-220 :

1. 220 Trillion Floating Point
   Operations Per Second (TeraFLOPS).
   
   
   
   


2. Costed Rs. 14 crores. EKA has
   costed Tata Sons an approximate 320 crore rupees ($30 million).


3. Built from commercially
   available hardware, open source software and in house development.


4. Uses 400 NVIDIA Tesla 2070
   GPUs and 400 Intel Quad Core Xeon CPU’s supplied by Wipro with each GPU
   and CPU providing a performance of 500 GigaFLOPS and 50 GigaFLOPS
   respectively.


5. Consumes only 150 Kw of
   power.


6. Can be scaled up to many
   PetaFLOPS (1,000 TeraFLOPS).

            This is really a good work by our INDIA, but this is not enough, we can do more. Wishing
India All the Very Best for the next work, Hope atleast that will get a place
in the top 10 list.

Source : IBNLive

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Keyboard Arrangement

             Why the alphabet keys on the computer
keyboard are not arranged in the sequence order? 
Why the Inventor jumbled the alphabet and made inefficient and confusing for the users?  If you got the same doubt, Here is the answer for you..

             Today’s computer keyboard is based on the QWERTY layout, designed by the
inventor of the typewriter, Christopher Latham Sholes in 1868.  The QWERTY name comes from the first 6 letters
of the top alphabet row.

           When Sholes built his first model, the keys were arranged alphabetically in
two rows. He had found a  problem, that was key jamming when the typist
worked too fast.  But Sholes was able to
figure out a way around the problem simply by rearranging the letters. He just
split up the most commonly used letters in the design, so that typist can type slowly and hence there will be no key jamming problem.  Lastly he came up with the QWERTY design.  The final design made sure the
word “TYPE WRITER” could be typed just from the top row. And lot of courses
came teaching users how to get fast typing. And today the key jamming is no longer a problem with computer keyboards.  But the QWERTY remains in standard use, and people
habituated to it. 

              Its a very simple reason that we had ever thought :)  But this is the Exact Reason why the keyboard is like this!

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Fix the White appearing menu bar for note pad and other applications

•   Hi, i am going to solve the problem of white boxes around the menu bar of notepad, vlc, or other applications of  windows operating system. 

•   After customizing and applying a desktop theme, you may notice that the menu bar in various applications is surrounded with white color, as shown in the figure below. This happens due to an incorrect UserPreferencesMask registry value.

    

           If you face this kind of problem, here is the solution...

To Resolve This      

• Right-click My Computer icon, and choose Properties


• Click the Advanced tab


• Under Performance, click Settings


• Click the Visual Effects tab, click Custom


• Uncheck Use Visual styles on windows and buttons


• Click OK to close the Performance Options dialog


• Click OK to close the System Properties dialog

                         The screen will now turn into Windows Classic look. Now repeat the above procedure, but this time, "enable" the Use Visual styles on windows and buttons check box. The menu bar problem should be resolved now.

If not, try this:

• Open Registry Editor and navigate to this key:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop

• Backup the key by exporting it.



• Double-click the value UserPreferencesMask


• Change the third octet of this key to 07


• Logoff / Logon for the changes to take effect

Example

If the value data is 90 32 05 80, change that to 90 32 07 80

The combination varies. You only need to change the third octet.

Then you are free now, and your window appears as normal. (Just like the side picture)

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Test the Working of your Antivirus – EICAR Test

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computer bit size chart (from bit to Geopbyte )

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Blu-ray Disk Technology

Blu-ray (not Blue-ray) also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the name of a next-generation optical disc format jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), a group of the world's leading consumer electronics, personal computer and media manufacturers (including Apple, Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and Thomson). The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. The format offers more than five times the storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold up to 25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a dual-layer disc. This extra capacity combined with the use of advanced video and audio codecs will offer consumers an unprecedented HD experience

Hitachi developing 100GB and 200GB Blu-Ray discs...

 

 

At Ceatec 2007 in Tokyo, Hitachi showcased experimental 4 layered Blu-Ray discs which can hold upto 100GB of data. The company is working on signal quality stabilization in addition to changing the lens focus so it can read and write data on 4 layers. Hitachi is also researching 8 layer Blu-Ray media which can hold upto 200GB of data but with 8 layers the reflected laser from the disc decreases which weakens the signal. However by boosting the signal the data on the disc can be accessed.

 Panasonic has developed a royal purple laser system for Blu-Ray which supports 8X speed. A company spokesman said that the 10,000 RPM speed limits the development to 12X speeds.

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The fast ness of 4G

The Korean Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute has developed the fourth-generation mobile communications technology that allows an increased transmission rate of 3.6 gigabits per second (gbps). The newly developed mobile communications technology can transmit a file big enough to hold the entire Encyclopedia Britannica (4.7GB DVD) in less than 10.5 seconds. The new technology would reduce the time it takes to download a movie to just two seconds. On a 100-mbps network, the fastest Internet service available now, it takes about a minute. Korea is the first in the world to develop 3.6 gbps transmission technology and this will make possible for Korea to occupy a favorable position when the competition to standardize 4G mobile communications starts.

The Research Institute predicted that when the technology is commercialized, around 2012, users will be able to view high-definition video in real time anywhere on a wireless network -- in the office, classroom or at home. Hwang Seung-koo, the head of ETRI's Mobile Telecommunications Research Division, said that the new 4G Mobile Technology will bring benefits worth billions of dollars in the future. Read More...

Samsung developes World's First Bendable OLED Display

At the FPD International 2007 an expo showcasing display technologies in Yokohama Japan Samsung showed the world's first bendable OLED display. The 4.3 inch display has a resolution of 480 x 272 dots, brightness of 200 cd/m2 and a contrast ratio of 1000:1. Samsung however kept mum on the development status and when the technology would go mainstream. However it does look very promising and one day we might just roll up the TV after viewing. Read More...

HTML5 port now available for Quake II, now browse while gaming, if you can

       HTML5 port now available for Quake II, now browse while gaming

The gaming geniuses, opened up their Quake II engine as open source paving the way for developers to go nuts. So some guys down at good old Google decided to bring that on over to Javascript using the Google Web Toolkit and have opened up the game to played directly within wither a Google Chrome browser thanks to HTML5. This set up now offers online gamers 30fps gaming complete with file saving and multiplayer support. Firefox sadly doesn’t support some of the code. So boo hood for the fox users.





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charles Babbage and his engine.......

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Computer History

source : wikipedia

Great History Of Computer:





The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century onwards though, the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, describing a machine that carries out computations.



Abacus:

The abacus was used for arithmetic tasks. The Roman Abacus was used in Babylonia as early as 2400 BC. Since then, many other forms of reckoning boards or tables have been invented. In a medieval counting house, a checkered cloth would be placed on a table, and markers moved around on it according to certain rules, as an aid to calculating sums of money.

1801: punched card technology

 fig:Punched card system of a music machine

 

In 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed a loom in which the pattern being woven was controlled by punched cards. The series of cards could be changed without changing the mechanical design of the loom. This was a landmark point in programmability.

In 1833, Charles Babbage moved on from developing his difference engine to developing a more complete design, the analytical engine, which would draw directly on Jacquard's punched cards for its programming. In 1835, Babbage described his analytical engine. It was the plan of a general-purpose programmable computer, employing punch cards for input and a steam engine for power, using the positions of gears and shafts to represent numbers. His initial idea was to use punch-cards to control a machine that could calculate and print logarithmic tables with huge precision (a specific purpose machine). Babbage's idea soon developed into a general-purpose programmable computer, his analytical engine. While his design was sound and the plans were probably correct, or at least debuggable, the project was slowed by various problems. Babbage was a difficult man to work with and argued with anyone who didn't respect his ideas. All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand. Small errors in each item can sometimes sum up to large discrepancies in a machine with thousands of parts, which required these parts to be much better than the usual tolerances needed at the time.

Desktop calculators

 fig:The Curta calculator can also do multiplication and division

By the 1900s, earlier mechanical calculators, cash registers, accounting machines, and so on were redesigned to use electric motors, with gear position as the representation for the state of a variable. The word "computer" was a job title assigned to people who used these calculators to perform mathematical calculations. By the 1920s Lewis Fry Richardson's interest in weather prediction led him to propose human computers and numerical analysis to model the weather; to this day, the most powerful computers on Earth are needed to adequately model its weather using the Navier-Stokes equations.

Companies like Friden, Marchant Calculator and Monroe made desktop mechanical calculators from the 1930s that could add, subtract, multiply and divide. During the Manhattan project, future Nobel laureate Richard Feynman was the supervisor of the roomful of human computers, many of them female mathematicians, who understood the use of differential equations which were being solved for the war effort.

In 1948, the Curta was introduced. This was a small, portable, mechanical calculator that was about the size of a pepper grinder. Over time, during the 1950s and 1960s a variety of different brands of mechanical calculators appeared on the market. The first all-electronic desktop calculator was the British ANITA Mk.VII, which used a Nixie tube display and 177 subminiature thyratron tubes. In June 1963, Friden introduced the four-function EC-130. It had an all-transistor design, 13-digit capacity on a 5-inch (130 mm) CRT, and introduced Reverse Polish notation (RPN) to the calculator market at a price of $2200. The EC-132 model added square root and reciprocal functions. In 1965, Wang Laboratories produced the LOCI-2, a 10-digit transistorized desktop calculator that used a Nixie tube display and could compute logarithms





Then

Advanced analog computers

 

Digital computation

 

ENIAC

.

 fig: ENIAC performed ballistics trajectory calculations with 160 kW of power

For more infrrmation visit



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_history



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